XIX.
Ceterum (ceterum: here with the original meaning of accusative of relation, ‘for the rest’) is terror milites hostisque in diversum adfecit: nos virtutem auximus, barbari ferociam infregere. et natio Frisiorum, post rebellionem clade L. Apronii coeptam infensa aut male fida, (natio Frisiorum, post rebellionem clade L. Apronii coeptam infensa aut male fida: ‘the nation of the Frisii, ill-disposed to us and mutinous after the revolt set in motion by the quae nimia et incertum an repulse of Lucius Apronius, …’; cf. Book 4, ch. 72ff.) datis obsidibus consedit apud agros a Corbulone descriptos: idem senatum, magistratus, leges imposuit. ac ne iussa exuerent praesidium immunivit, (ac ne iussa exuerent praesidium immunivit: ‘and lest they should shrug off compliance with our orders, he set up a fortified place locally.’ As compound of munio, immunio is only found here, probably a Tacitean invention.) missis qui maiores Chaucos ad deditionem pellicerent, simul Gannascum dolo adgrederentur. (missis qui maiores Chaucos ad deditionem pellicerent, simul Gannascum dolo adgrederentur: abl. abs. with dependent relative clause of final sense with subjunctive (cf. B. 282, 2.): lit. ‘those having been sent who would wheedle the Chauci to surrender and also (simul) would attempt Gannascus’ life by setting a trap’; maiores Chaucos: they differed from the minores, who lived west of the Weser, by occupying the lands between the Weser and the Elbe.) nec inritae aut degeneres insidiae fuere adversus transfugam et violatorem fidei. (nec inritae aut degeneres insidiae fuere adversus transfugam et violatorem fidei: ‘the stratagem was neither in vain nor reprehensible against a deserter and an oath-breaker.’) sed caede eius motae Chaucorum mentes, et Corbulo semina rebellionis praebebat, ut laeta apud plerosque, ita apud quosdam sinistra fama. (sed caede eius motae Chaucorum mentes, et Corbulo semina rebellionis praebebat, ut laeta apud plerosque, ita apud quosdam sinistra fama: ‘‘but by his death the susceptibilities (mentes) of the Chauci were roused, and Corbulo was supplying them the seeds of rebellion, and just as these reports were joyful to most, so were they ominous to some.’ ut laeta … ita … sinistra: comparative sentence with ut and ita introducing the dependent and main clause respectively. No verbs are expressed since they are usually the same in both clauses and easily understood from the context.) cur hostem conciret? (cur hostem conciret?: ‘they asked why he was stirring up an enemy?’: subjunctive in indirect question; in direct question, ‘cur concit hostem?’) adversa in rem publicam casura: sin prospere egisset, formidolosum paci virum insignem et ignavo principi praegravem. (adversa in rem publicam caesura [esse]: sin prospere egisset, formidolosum paci virum insignem et ignavo principi praegravem: ‘the dire consequences [if defeated] were going to fall on the state; if on the contrary he would have succeeded, a famous man was going to be dangerous to peace and overpowering to an inept prince’; two conditional sentences in oratio obliqua, the first with implied protasis, the second, contrasting the first with sin, without verb in the apodosis. The condition (whether expressed or not) is future (potential, type II) in the past, hence the pluperfect subjunctive. See B. 320.) igitur Claudius adeo novam in Germanias vim prohibuit ut referri praesidia cis Rhenum iuberet. (adeo novam in Germanias vim prohibuit ut referri praesidia cis Rhenum iuberet: ’so decidedly he prohibited new fighting in Germany, that he ordered all garrisons to be withdrawn to the west side the Rhine.’ cis Rhenum: cis is prep. with acc., ‘within our side of the Rhine’; adeo … , ut … iuberet: consecutive clause with subjunctive introduced by adeo …ut.)