XXV.
Sed (sed: calls attention to some new point in the narrative; often ignored in translation if no suitable English equivalent can be found.) fama classis amissae ut Germanos ad spem belli, ita Caesarem ad coercendum erexit. (ut …[erexit], ita … erexit: comparative sentence with the same indicative verb in both the ut or subordinate clause and in the ita or main clause) C. Silio (C. Silio: the commander of the army of upper Germany. Cf. Book 1, ch. 31. Silio is dat. with impero, here intransitive.) cum triginta peditum, tribus equitum milibus ire in Chattos (Chattos: they occupied a vast area east and northeast of Frankfurt.) imperat; ipse maioribus copiis Marsos (Marsos: the Marsi lived east of the Rhine around between the rivers Lippe and Ruhr, south of the Teutoburg forest in lower Saxony.) inrumpit, quorum dux Mallovendus nuper in deditionem acceptus propinquo luco defossam Varianae legionis aquilam modico praesidio servari indicat. missa extemplo manus quae hostem a fronte eliceret, alii qui terga circumgressi recluderent humum. (missa extemplo manus quae hostem a fronte eliceret, alii qui terga circumgressi recluderent humum: ‘a detachment was sent out without delay to draw the enemy out in front and others to go around the enemy’s rear to open up the ground by digging.’ quae …eliceret, qui …recluderent: examples of relative clauses of characteristic with subjunctive, given that the sense is consecutive (cf. A.G. 534, 535.). Another example of such clauses is qui …inrupissent at the end of the chapter. a fronte: also in fronte or in frontem, ‘in front’) et utrisque adfuit fortuna. (utrisque adfuit fortuna: lit. ‘fortune stood by for both moves.’ utrisque is dat. plur. of utraque (neuter plural of uterque) with the sense of ‘for both things.’) eo promptior Caesar pergit introrsus, populatur, excindit non ausum congredi hostem aut, sicubi restiterat, (sicubi restiterat: sicubi, ‘if anywhere’, ‘wheresoever’, is conjunction of locative origin, always with indicative: ‘[the enemy], if at any place it had resisted, …’) statim pulsum nec umquam magis, ut ex captivis cognitum est, paventem. quippe invictos et nullis casibas superabilis Romanos praedicabant, ([hostis] nec umquam magis … paventem [fuerat], quippe invictos et nullis casibas superabilis Romanos praedicabant: ‘the enemy had never been more terrified, for they openly admitted that the Romans were invincible and unaffected by any disasters.’ quippe is here causal conjunction like quia and quando, also followed by indicative.) qui perdita classe, amissis armis, post constrata equorum virorumque corporibus litora eadem virtute, pari ferocia et velut aucti numero inrupissent.