XXXVIII.
Inclinatio senatus incitamentum Tiberio fuit quo promptius adversaretur, (quo promptius adversaretur: quo replaces ut in purpose clauses, especially when a comparative is present: ‘in order for him to object more promptly’) his ferme verbis usus: ‘si quantum pauperum est (quantum pauperum est: pauperum is partitive genitive after the neuter quantum: ‘as many of the poor as there are’) venire huc et liberis suis petere pecunias coeperint, singuli numquam exsatiabuntur, res publica deficiet. (si … venire …coeperint, … numquam exsatiabuntur, res publica deficiet: ‘if they [all] started coming, they will never be satisfied and the state will collapse.’ logical conditional sentence, real, or type I. The supposition is given as a fact and the condition as fulfilled: supposing (a), (b) necessarily follows, thus indicative in both protasis and apodosis. Here, future perfect in protasis, simple future in apodosis for subsequent action or state brought about by the condition. See G. 595.) nec sane ideo a maioribus concessum est egredi aliquando relationem et quod in commune conducat (quod in commune conducat: subjunctive in relative clause of final sense: ‘what might bring common advantage’) loco sententiae proferre, ut privata negotia et res familiaris nostras hic augeamus, (nec sane ideo a maioribus concessum est egredi aliquando relationem … ut privata negotia et res familiaris nostras hic augeamus: the correlative pair ideo … ut brings in the main and dependent clause of a consecutive sentence: lit. ‘certainly it was not permitted by our ancestors to go occasionally outside the motion being debated in order for us to improve here (hic) our personal interests and family situation.’ ideo announces a reason which then is expressed in the form of a result or purpose by the ut clause (Oxford Lat. Dictionary).) cum invidia senatus et principum, sive indulserint largitionem sive abnuerint. (cum invidia senatus et principum, sive indulserint largitionem sive abnuerint: ‘with the consequent hatred against the senate and the princes, whether they will have granted or refused the bounty’; cum invidia is abl. of accompaniment; sive indulserint …sive abnuerint: repeated sive, here probably with future perfect, is also found with subjunctive in imperial times.) non enim preces sunt istud, sed efflagitatio, intempestiva quidem et inprovisa, cum aliis de rebus convenerint patres, consurgere et numero atque aetate liberum suorum urgere modestiam senatus, (modestiam senatus: ‘the sympathy of the senate’; senatus is objective genitive.) eandem vim in me transmittere ac velut perfringere aerarium, quod si ambitione exhauserimus, per scelera supplendum erit. (quod si ambitione exhauserimus, per scelera supplendum erit: the antecedent of quod is aerarium: ‘which, if we will have emptied in search of popularity, it will have to be replenished by means of questionable practices’; the conditional sentence is of the same type as the one commented on in si … coeperint, … numquam exsatiabuntur, res publica deficiet above.) dedit tibi, Hortale, divus Augustus pecuniam, sed non conpellatus nec ea lege ut semper daretur. (nec ea lege ut semper daretur: ‘not on such terms that it should always be given’; the sense is consecutive, hence the subjunctive. ) languescet alioqui industria, intendetur socordia, si nullus ex se metus aut spes, et securi omnes aliena subsidia expectabunt, sibi ignavi, nobis graves.’ (sibi ignavi, nobis graves: ‘useless to themselves, burdensome to us’; the reflexive sibi and the personal nobis are datives of interest.) haec atque talia, quamquam cum adsensu audita (quamquam cum adsensu audita: the combination of quamquam with participles became common in later writers; cum adsensu is abl. of manner.) ab iis quibus omnia principum, honesta atque inhonesta, laudare mos est, plures per silentium aut occultum murmur excepere. sensitque Tiberius; et cum paulum reticuisset, Hortalo se respondisse ait: (sensit Tiberius; et cum paulum reticuisset, Hortalo se respondisse ait: lit. ‘Tiberius sensed [the mood of the audience] and when he had kept silent a moment, he said he had given Hortalus his answer.’ cum reticuisset: narrative cum + subjunctive gives the action immediately preceding that of the main verb; reticuisset is from reticeo; ait is historical present, also because the verb aio lacks the system of past tenses.) ceterum si patribus videretur, daturum liberis eius ducena sestertia singulis, (ceterum si patribus videretur, daturum liberis eius ducena sestertia singulis: ‘for the rest, [he said], if it seemed right to the members of the senate, he would give two hundred thousand sesterces to each.’ si …videretur, daturum [esse]: conditional sentence of the potential kind (type II) in indirect discourse: cf. G. 658, L. 2331. videretur is impersonal use of passive; sestertia is adjective modifying an implied neuter milia; ducena is distributive numeral, it answers to the question How many at a time?) qui sexus virilis essent. egere alii grates: siluit Hortalus, (egere alii grates: siluit Hortalus: alii here means everyone except Hortalus: ‘all gave thanks, Hortalus kept silent.’) pavore an avitae nobilitatis etiam inter angustias fortunae retinens. (pavore an avitae nobilitatis etiam inter angustias fortunae retinens: the disjunctive particle an may be found on occasion replacing aut or vel: ‘either from fear or still retaining the ancestral dignity even among straightened circumstances’) neque miseratus est posthac Tiberius, quamvis domus Hortensii pudendam ad inopiam delaberetur. (quamvis domus Hortensii pudendam ad inopiam delaberetur: the concessive conjunction quamvis is regularly with potential subjunctive: ‘although the house of the Hortensii was sinking into reprehensible penury’; pudendam ad inopiam: lit. ‘into poverty to be ashamed of’)