LXIII.
Maroboduo undique deserto non alind subsidium quam misericordia Caesaris fuit. (Maroboduo … fuit: Maroboduo is dative of possessor with fuit: ‘he had no other …’) transgressus Danuvium, (Danuvium: the Danube flowed along (praefluit = praeterfluit) most of the northern border of Noricum, the Roman province between Rhaetia and Pannonia. Noricum comprised part od eastern Bavaria, most of Austria, and the mountain region of Tyrol in northern Italy.) qua Noricam provinciam praefluit, scripsit Tiberio non ut profugus aut supplex sed ex memoria prioris fortunae: (ex memoria prioris fortunae: ‘from the memory of his former greatness’; ex memoria is abl. of cause, ‘on account of’.) nam multis nationibus clarissimum quondam regem ad se vocantibus Romanam amicitiam praetulisse. (multis nationibus clarissimum quondam regem ad se vocantibus Romanam amicitiam praetulisse: abl. abs. of concessive force followed by infinitive clause in oratio obliqua after scripsit: ‘that, in spite of many nations calling to themselves a king formerly of great renown, he had preferred the friendship of Rome’) responsum a Caesare tutam ei honoratamque sedem in Italia fore, si maneret: sin rebus eius aliud conduceret, abiturum fide qua venisset. (tutam ei honoratamque sedem in Italia fore, si maneret: sin rebus eius aliud conduceret, abiturum fide qua venisset: ‘that he would have secure and respected asylum in Italy if he would stay, but if other considerations were of advantage to his interests, he would be able to leave with the same security with which he had come’; two conditional clauses in indirect speech, the first introduced by si, the second by sin (‘but if’), contradicting the first.). In both the condition is future (potential or type II), with imperfect subjunctive in each protasis, according to the sequence of tenses with a historical verb of saying (responsum [est]). The imperfect corresponds to the simple future that would be used if the clauses were independent. Both apodoses have future participle + esse, the standard way to express in Latin the potential idea in indirect discourse. Cf. A.G. 589, various examples / G. 597, R. 4/ B. 319. ei is dative of possessor with fore or futurum esse; qua venisset: short for eadem fide qua …, the rel. clause is subjunctive by attraction to the infinitive abiturum esse (G. 629). conduceret has intransitive sense. Note the chiastic arrangement of the two conditional sentences with the protases in the middle and an apodosis at each end.) ceterum (ceterum: here with the adversative sense of sed; cf. note for ceterum in ch. 61.) apud senatum disseruit non Philippum Atheniensibus, non Pyrrhum aut Antiochum populo Romano perinde metuendos fuisse. (disseruit non Philippum Atheniensibus, non Pyrrhum aut Antiochum populo Romano perinde metuendos fuisse: lit. ‘he argued that not even Philip had been to the same extent to be feared by the Athenians or Pyrrhus and Antiochus by the Roman people [as Maroboduus].’ Philip II of Macedon defeated Athens in 338 B.C., terminating its status of independent city-state. Both Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, and Antiochus the Great, king of the Syrian empire fought wars with Rome, the first between 280-275 B.C., the second from 200-190 B.C., both being defeated in the end. metuendos fuisse: example of passive periphrastic conjugation with gerundive (a verbal adjective of passive sense) + tenses of esse to express necessity, duty, obligation.) extat oratio qua magnitudinem viri, violentiam subiectarum ei gentium (violentiam subiectarum ei gentium: ‘the savage strength of the tribes subject to him (ei) et quam propinquns Italiae hostis, suaque in destruendo eo consilia extulit. (suaque in destruendo eo consilia extulit: ‘he lay stress on his own schemes in pulling him down.’ in destruendo eo: a peculiar construction, lit. ‘in respect of that destroying’; the gerund perhaps suggests a long process.) et Marobodous quidem Ravennae (Ravennae: Ravenna is on the Adriatic coast of Italy, halfway between Venice and Ancona, one of the two major naval bases of the empire) habitus, si quando insolescerent Suebi quasi rediturus in regnum ostentabatur: (si quando insolescerent Suebi quasi rediturus in regnum ostentabatur: the compound of si, si quando or siquando or quando si, ‘if ever’, ‘if sometimes’, is followed by subjunctive: ‘if ever the Suebi should become troublesome, he would be displayed ostensibly as if about to return to his kingdom.’ quasi rediturus: subordinating conjunctions like quamquam, tamquam, nisi, etsi and, here, quasi are found in later writers preceding participles (sometimes adjectives) in a near-adverbial capacity.) sed non excessit Italia per duodeviginti annos consenuitque multum imminuta claritate ob nimiam vivendi cupidinem. idem Catualdae casus neque aliud perfugium. (idem Catualdae casus neque aliud perfugium: ‘the same fate for Catualda and not dissimilar either his refuge’) pulsus haud multo post Hermundurorum opibus et Vibilio duce (Hermundurorum opibus et Vibilio duce: abl. of instrument or of agent with pulsus: ‘by forces of the Hermunduri and their leader Vibilius’; the Hermunduri were settled between the Marcomanni and the Chatti in Thuringia, near and around the Thuringer forest. Vibilius will be mentioned again in Book 12, ch. 20.) receptusque, Forum Iulium, (Forum Iulium: modern Frejus, between Cannes and Toulon, once inside Gallia Narbonensis.) Narbonensis Galliae coloniam, mittitur. barbari utrumque comitati, ne quietas provincias immixti turbarent, Danuvium ultra inter flumina Marum et Cusum (inter flumina Marum et Cusum: Marus is the Morava in eastern Moravia in the Czech Republic, east of Brno; the Cusus is the Waag in western Slovakia, east of Bratislava.) locantur, (barbari utrumque comitati, ne quietas provincias immixti turbarent, Danuvium ultra … locantur: ‘the barbarian attendants accompanying each of the two were settled beyond the Danube for fear that they might destabilize the provinces, being mixed [with their populations]. The present locantur is historical.) dato rege Vannio gentis Quadorum. (Quadorum: the Quadi were a people inhabiting Moravia and part of Slovakia.)