VI.
Gnarum id Tiberio fuit; (gnarum id Tiberio fuit: Tiberio is dat. of possessor with fuit: ‘he had knowledge of this’) utque premeret vulgi sermones, monuit (ut premeret vulgi sermones, monuit: moneo is most often found with ut or ne clause + subjunctive: ‘he admonished to silence the popular talk.’ moneo brings in oratio obliqua that ends with the chapter.) edicto multos inlustrium Romanorum ob rem publicam obisse, neminem tam flagranti desiderio celebratum. idque et sibi et cunctis egregium si modus adiceretur. (idque et sibi et cunctis egregium [esse] si modus adiceretur: ‘that this was honorable for both himself and everyone else if a limit was added.’ Conditional sentence with logical condition (type I) in direct discourse: present infinitive in the apodosis, imperfect subjunctive in the protasis after a historical verb of saying (monuit). et …et: ‘both …and’) non enim eadem decora principibus viris et imperatori popolo quae (non enim eadem decora … quae …: ‘that certainly the same things were not proper for …which [were proper] for …’) modicis domibus aut civitatibus. convenisse recenti dolori luctum et ex maerore solacia; sed referendum iam animum ad firmitudinem, (convenisse recenti dolori luctum et ex maerore solacia; sed referendum [esse] iam animum ad firmitudinem: lit. ‘that grieving had been in accord with the recent affliction, and that there was solace in tears; but that it was now (iam) time for the hearts to be returned to firmness’; referendum {esse] …animum: use of passive periphrasis to denote duty, propriety, necessity) ut quondam divus Iulius amissa unica filia, ut divus Augustus (divus Iulius … divus Augustus: Julius Caesar lost his daughter by his first wife Cornelia in 54 B.C. Augustus lost his two grandchildren from the marriage of his daughter Julia and Marcus Agrippa, Lucius an Gaius; the first died in 2 A.D. and the other in 4 A.D.; cf. Book 1, ch. 3.) ereptis nepotibus abstruserint tristitiam. (ut … abstruserint tristitiam: ut is here interrogative adverb followed by indirect question with subjunctive: ‘how they had thrust out of sight their anguish’; abstruserint is in place of abstrusissent after the historical main verb monuit.) nil opus vetustioribus exemplis, quotiens populus Romanus cladis exercituum, interitum ducum, funditus amissas nobilis familias constanter tulerit. (nil opus vetustioribus exemplis, quotiens populus Romanus cladis exercituum, interitum ducum, funditus amissas nobilis familias constanter tulerit: ‘that [there was] no need of examples so ancient [to remember] how many times the Roman people had borne unshaken the defeats of armies, the death of generals, the utter obliteration of noble families.’ Some of the Roman debacles occurred in the struggle against Pyrrhus, Hannibal, and, more recently, Arminius. Examples of generals who died fighting are the two Scipio brothers killed in Spain during the second Punic war, Aemilius Paullus in the battle of Cannes against Hannibal, Claudius Marcellus, also killed in the second Punic War. The massacre of an entire Roman family was that of the Fabii in the conflict between Rome and the Etruscan city of Veii. nil opus …exemplis [esse]: nil is contraction of nihil; the locution opus esse requires abl. of the thing needed. funditus is adverb, ‘completely’. For tulerit cf. note for ut … abstruserint tristitiam above.) principes mortalis, rem publicam aeternam esse. proin repeterent sollemnia, et quia ludorum Megalesium spectaculum suberat, (quia ludorum Megalesium spectaculum suberat: the use of indicative in the quia clause indicates that the latter is not part of the thought and words expressed in indirect discourse, but something added as an explanation (cf. G. 628 and Remark.): ‘since the Megalisian games were approaching ’; the games, held in early April, were in honor of the Great Mother, Cybele.) etiam voluptates resumerent. (proin repeterent sollemnia, … voluptates resumerent: ‘that therefore (proin) they should go back to their wonted activities, resume their pastimes’; repeterent, resumerent are jussive subjunctives in oratio obliqua, corresponding to imperatives in direct speech.)