L.
Rebusque turbatis malum extremum discordia accessit, (rebusque turbatis malum extremum discordia accessit: ‘to these troubles discord added itself, the supreme evil.’ rebus turbatis is dat. with accessit.) his deditionem aliis mortem et mutuos inter se ictus parantibus; et erant qui non inultum exitium sed eruptionem suaderent. (erant qui non inultum exitium sed eruptionem suaderent: ‘there were those who urged not a death unavenged, but a sally.’ Locutions like sunt qui, ut qui, nemo est qui, nec desunt qui, etc. introduce relative clauses of characteristic with subjunctive, the sense being consecutive. Cf. G. 631.) neque ignobiles tantum his diversi sententiis, (neque ignobiles tantum his diversi sententiis [erant]: ‘not only the common soldiers were divided by these views.’ Some commentators feel that this sentence is a later interpolation.) verum e ducibus Dinis, provectus senecta et longo usu vim atque clementiam Romanam edoctus, ponenda arma, unum adflictis id remedium disserebat, (verum e ducibus Dinis, provectus senecta et longo usu vim atque clementiam Romanam edoctus, ponenda arma, unum adflictis id remedium [erat] disserebat: lit. ‘in fact, Dinis, one from the leaders, advanced in years and well acquainted by long experience with the strength and clemency of Rome, argued that to them in their distress (afflictis) there was only this one remedy, surrender.’ e ducibus: abl. of provenance; vim atque clementiam edoctus: with the passive of some verbs (of asking, teaching, and occasionally others) the direct object may be retained. Cf. A.G. 396, b. and note for edoctum in Historiae, Book 2, ch. 90.; unum adflictis …remedium [erat]: adflictis is dat. of possessor with implied erat: freely, ‘the had one remedy only.’ arma ponenda: the gerundive is always passive in meaning and regularly implies obligation: lit. ‘the arms to be laid down’) primusque secum coniuge et liberis victori permisit: secuti aetate aut sexu imbecilli et quibus maior vitae quam gloriae cupido. at iuventus Tarsam inter et Turesim distrahebatur. utrique destinatum cum libertate occidere, (utrique destinatum [erat] cum libertate occidere: lit. ‘to both [Tarsa and Turesis] the decision (destinatum) was to die together with liberty’, i.e. ‘both Tarsa and Turesis chose to perish together with liberty.’ cum libertatem: abl. of accompaniment, with liberty personified; utrique is dat. sing. of possessor with erat understood.) sed Tarsa properum finem, abrumpendas pariter spes ac metus clamitans, dedit exemplum demisso in pectus ferro; (Tarsa properum finem [esse], abrumpendas pariter spes ac metus clamitans, dedit exemplum demisso in pectus ferro: ‘Tarsa exclaiming that the end should be quick, that hope and fear alike should be broken off at once, set an example by plunging a dagger in his breast.’ demisso in pectus ferro: abl. abs.: ‘a dagger having been thrusted into his breast’ abrumpendas pariter spes ac metus: abrumpendas (fem. plural) agrees with spes and metus, the latter, usually masc., being often feminine in poets and, here, in Tacitus.) nec defuere qui eodem modo oppeterent. (nec defuere qui eodem modo oppeterent: ‘nor were others wanting who encountered death in the same way.’ For nec defuere qui + subjunctive see erant qui non inultum exitium … above.) Turesis sua cum manu noctem opperitur haud nescio duce nostro. (Turesis sua cum manu noctem opperitur haud nescio duce nostro: ‘Turesis with his group of men waited for night, not without Sabinus being aware [of his plan].’ haud nescio duce nostro: abl. abs.: ‘our general not being ignorant [of his designs]’) igitur firmatae stationes densioribus globis; (igitur firmatae stationes densioribus globis: ‘consequently, the outposts were strengthened with more forces.’ globus is used here to mean a contingent of soldiers.) et ingruebat nox nimbo atrox, (et ingruebat nox nimbo atrox: ‘meanwhile, darkness was approaching, menacing because of a violent rainstorm’; et adds here a concurrent event or condition: ‘at the same time’, ‘and with it‘, ‘meanwhile’ (Lewis and Short). nimbo atrox: possibly ‘dreadful because of the rainstorm’) hostisque clamore turbido, modo per vastum silentium, incertos obsessores effecerat, (hostisque [modo] clamore turbido, modo per vastum silentium, incertos obsessores effecerat: ‘and the enemy, with their deafening uproar [at one moment], at another with their ominous silence, had made the besiegers insecure.’ [modo] …modo: Tacitus tends to leave modo understood in the first part of the sentence. Ellipses are a frequent occurrence in his writing, all sacrifices to brevity.) cum Sabinus circumire, hortari, ne ad ambigua sonitus aut simulationem quietis casum insidiantibus aperirent, sed sua quisque munia servarent immoti telisque non in falsum iactis. (cum Sabinus circumire, hortari, ne ad ambigua sonitus aut simulationem quietis casum insidiantibus aperirent, sed sua quisque munia servarent immoti telisque non in falsum iactis: ‘ …, when Sabinus made a tour of the camp and exhorted the men not to leave any opportunity (casum) open to the attackers in the face of (ad + acc) their disconcerting clamors or of their counterfeit silences, but for each man to keep unshaken to his assigned duty and to avoid waste of ammunition’; cum …circumire, hortari: an interesting case of temporal cum followed by historical infinitive, in place of a finite tense of the indicative, a case first seen in Book 2, ch. 31. Placed after the main clause, cum here is called inverse cum, in that the main clause serves as the background for the action of the cum clause, which now becomes the clause advancing the narrative. This inversion of roles occurs occasionally also in English with the use of ‘when’. Cf. G. 581 and A.G. 546, a. hortari, ne …aperirent, …servarent: two hortatory subjunctives, one negative, one positive in indirect speech after hortari: ‘that they should not leave open …, and that they should keep …’; sua quisque munia servarent: quisque, inherently singular, can be found with plural verbs: lit. ‘that they should keep, every one, to their task’ telisque non in falsum iactis: abl. abs.: ‘missiles not being thrown at illusory targets’)