I.
Cn. Domitius et Camillus Scribonianus (Cn. Domitius et Camillus Scribonianus: the new year is 32 A.D.; Gnaeus Domitius had married Agrippina, the daughter of Germanicus and future mother of emperor Nero, as mentioned in Book 4, ch. 75; Camillus Scribonianus (his full name was Lucius Arruntius Camillus Scribonianus) will be mentioned one more time in Book 12, ch. 52.) consulatum inierant, cum Caesar tramisso quod Capreas et Surrentum interluit freto Campaniam praelegebat, (cum Caesar tramisso quod Capreas et Surrentum interluit freto Campaniam praelegebat: lit. ‘when Tiberius, the strait having been crossed which flows between Capri and Sorrento, journeyed along Campania’; cum …praelegebat: use of inverse cum, placed after the main clause; see note in Book 5, ch. V. 10. Capreas et Sorrentum …Campania: Campania is a region of SW Italy with Naples as its main city; Sorrento and Capri are in the bay of Naples, the first on the coast, the other an island three miles out at sea.) ambiguus an urbem intraret, seu, quia contra destinaverat, speciem venturi simulans. (ambiguus an urbem intraret, seu, quia contra destinaverat, speciem venturi simulans: lit. ‘undecided whether he would enter the city or — since he had [already] decided against it – simulating the motions of him about to go [there], …’; an …intraret: the particle an, normally reserved for disjunctive questions, may be found used for simple indirect questions, meaning ‘whether’, especially with words expressing doubt (verba dubitandi). Cf. G. 460, Note 1 and Oxf. Lat. Diction. Good examples of the usage occur in Livy, Pliny, Tacitus, and even Cicero.) et saepe in propinqua degressus, aditis iuxta Tiberim hortis, (aditis iuxta Tiberim hortis: abl. abs.: ‘the gardens near the Tiber having been visited’; the Horti Caesaris, bequeathed by Julius Caesar to the Roman people, were situated on the west bank of the Tiber, south of the Janiculum.) saxa rursum et solitudinem maris repetiit pudore scelerum et libidinum quibus adeo indomitis exarserat ut more regio pubem ingenuam stupris pollueret. (pudore scelerum et libidinum quibus adeo indomitis exarserat ut more regio pubem ingenuam stupris pollueret: lit. ‘for shame (in shame) of his crimes and wanton desires with which, being they uncontrollable, he had taken fire to such a degree that, on the example of kings, he polluted free-born youths with his impure caresses’; quibus …indomitis, refereed to scelerum and libidinum, is abl. of manner; adeo …exarserat ut pollueret is consecutive sentence, the main and subordinate clause introduced by adeo and ut respectively.) nec formam tantum et decora corpora set in his modestam pueritiam, in aliis imagines maiorum incitamentum cupidinis habebat. (in his modestam pueritiam, in aliis imagines maiorum incitamentum cupidinis habebat: ‘he had as stimulation of his lust the innocent childhood in some children (his), in others the thought of their noble ancestors.’ pueritiam and imagines are apposition of incitamentum, the direct object of habebat.) tuncque primum ignota antea vocabula reperta sunt sellariorum et spintriarum ex foeditate loci ac multiplici patientia; (vocabula reperta sunt sellariorum et spintriarum ex foeditate loci ac multiplici patientia: ‘the names of sellarii and spintriae were invented from the loathsome nature of the place and the disparate forms of sexual submission.’ sellariorum et spintriarum: male prostitutes, perhaps respectively active and passive partners in homosexual intercourse; sella is Latin for a privy.) praepositique servi qui conquirerent pertraherent, (praepositique servi qui conquirerent pertraherent: ‘slaves were assigned to search for and forcibly bring in [new quarry].’ qui conquirerent pertraherent: an example of a relative clause with subjunctive replacing a purpose clause with ut.) dona in promptos, minas adversum abnuentis, et si retinerent propinquus aut parens, vim raptus suaque ipsi libita velut in captos exercebant. (si retinerent propinquus aut parens, vim raptus suaque ipsi libita velut in captos exercebant: ‘if a relative or a parent held back, the [child] was snatched up by force and the slaves themselves (ipsi) imposed their own will (sua libita) as if against captives.’ si retinerent …exercebant: conditional sentence with protasis having imperfect subjunctive for potential condition in the past and imperfect indicative in apodosis to underline an established fact. Conditional sentences do not necessarily require the same mood or tense in both protasis and apodosis. Much depends on the view of the writer and on his choice of mood and tense that best express his thought. Furthermore, the interdependence between protasis and apodosis is at times less prominent and a certain autonomy is allowable from the rules governing the three categories into which conditional sentences are divided. vim raptus: vim may be short for per vim or, more likely a Graecism of a passive verb (raptus [est]) having a direct object replacing the ablative vi, ‘by force’ (Ernout). This acc. is not to be confused with Greek acc. or acc. of respect; its use is normally limited to reflexive verbs like induor, exuor, cingor (e.g. induor vestem, lit. ‘I dress myself with a robe’, or ‘I don a robe’), but Tacitus expands it to other verbs, whether passive or reflexive. Another example, quae cuncta … revincebatur, is ahead in ch. 5, about which see note there. See also G. 338, Note 2.)