II.
Ad ea Antonius Primus (is acerrimus belli concitator) festinationem ipsis utilem, Vitellio exitiosam disseruit. plus socordiae quam fiduciae accessisse victoribus; (plus socordiae quam fiduciae accessisse victoribus: ‘more negligence than confidence had accrued to the victors’; the infinitive clause is in indir. speech introduced by disseruit and continuing down to …disiectam Vitellii aciem, after which speech becomes direct.) neque enim in procinctu et castris habitos: (neque enim in procinctu et castris habitos: ‘not even kept in readiness and in the camp’; habitos has the added sense of ‘kept in shape’.) per omnia Italiae municipia desides, tantum hospitibus metuendos, (tantum hospitibus metuendos: ‘only to be feared by their hosts’; hospitibus is dative of agent with gerundive.) quanto ferocius ante se egerint, tanto cupidius insolitas voluptates hausisse. (quanto ferocius ante se egerint, tanto cupidius insolitas voluptates hausisse: good example of comparative sentence in indirect speech with the pronominal ablatives quanto…tanto + comparative (‘by how much more …by so much more’) introducing the two parts of the sentence; quanto ferocious … se egerint is the dependent clause , or standard of comparison, and tanto cupidius …hausisse the correlative main clause. In direct speech the sentence would be: quanto ferocius …se egerant, tanto cupidius …hauserant; in indirect speech the main clause becomes infinitive and the dependent clause subjunctive; egerint, in place of egissent, is a case of repraesentatio, for which see A.G. 585, b.) circo quoque ac theatris et amoenitate urbis emollitos aut valetudinibus fessos: sed addito spatio rediturum et his (et his: ‘even to them’; et is for etiam.) robur meditatione belli; nec procul Germaniam, unde vires; (unde vires: ‘from where [they drew] their strength’.) Britanniam freto dirimi, iuxta Gallias Hispaniasque, (Gallias Hispaniasque: plural to distinguish the Roman provinces into which Gaul and Spain were divided) utrimque viros equos tributa, ipsamque Italiam et opes urbis; ac si inferre arma ultro velint, (si inferre arma ultro velint: subjunctive for ideal or potential condition: ‘if they intended to make the first move in the war’; velint is in place of vellent , another case of repraesentatio; inferre arma is idiom, ‘to go to war’; ultro: in this context has the sense of ‘of their own initiative’, ‘without being provoked’) duas classis vacuumque Illyricum mare. quid tum claustra montium profutura? quid tractum in aestatem aliam bellum? unde interim pecuniam et commeatus? (quid …? quid …? unde …?: the three questions are rhetorical, require no answer, and are equivalent to statements, hence all three are infinitive in indir. discourse, as revealed by the accusative subjects. Not so the next question.) quin potius eo ipso uterentur quod Pannonicae legiones deceptae magis quam victae resurgere in ultionem properent, Moesici exercitus integras viris attulerint. (quin potius eo ipso uterentur quod Pannonicae legiones deceptae magis quam victae resurgere in ultionem properent, Moesici exercitus integras viris attulerint: ‘why did they not rather profit of the very fact that (eo ipso …quod) the Pannonian legions, deceived rather than vanquished (cf. Book 2, ch. 42), were burning with desire to rise up in revenge and that the Moesian army had brought [to them] all their forces intact’. Questions introduced by the interrogative adverb quin, ‘why not’, are often tantamount to exhortations or commands, as illustrated by the following example from Livy: quin equos conscendimus?, ‘why do we not mount our horses?’ = ‘let us mount our horses!’ Cf. B. 281, 3. In direct speech, the verb after quin is pres. indic. or future; in the case here, the direct question would be quin potius eo ipso utimur quod …, which in indir. speech and in the context given becomes quin potius eo ipso uterentur quod …. ; attulerint is for attulissent, a third case of repraesentatio in this chapter.) si numerus militum potius quam legionum putetur, plus hinc (hinc: ‘on’ or ‘from their side’) roboris, nihil libidinum; (plus … roboris, nihil libidinum: partitive genitives after neuter words indicative of quantity; another example is plus socordiae quam fiduciae at to top of the chapter.) et profuisse disciplinae ipsum pudorem: equites vero ne tum quidem victos, sed quamquam rebus adversis (quamquam rebus adversis: the particles quamquam, quamvis, etsi are rarely found in classical literature modifying adjectives and participles in ablatives abs. and elsewhere, but such use became common later. Cf. G. 609, N. 1.) disiectam Vitellii aciem. ‘duae tunc Pannonicae ac Moesicae alae perrupere hostem: nunc sedecim alarum coniuncta signa pulsu sonituque et nube ipsa operient ac superfundent oblitos proeliorum (oblitos proeliorum: lit. ‘forgetful of battles’, i.e. ‘having forgotten how to fight’) equites equosque. nisi quis retinet, (nisi quis retinet: indicative for simple logical condition: given one fact or event, another necessarily follows, as in ‘if you don’t eat you die’.) idem suasor auctorque consilii ero. vos, quibus fortuna in integro est, (quibus fortuna in integro est: ‘for whom fortune is still whole’, i.e. ‘who have not compromised themselves [in Vitellius ‘ eyes]’, ‘who have not cast the dice’) legiones continete: mihi expeditae cohortes sufficient. iam reseratam Italiam, impulsas Vitellii res audietis. iuvabit sequi et vestigiis vincentis insistere.’ (iuvabit sequi et vestigiis vincentis insistere: iuvabit is impersonal use of the verb: ‘it will please you to follow and walk in the tracks of the victor’.)