XXII.
Adversus has concurrentis belli minas (concurrentis belli minas: concurrentis may refer to either belli or minas.) legati legionum Munius Lupercus et Numisius Rufus (Numisius Rufus: first mention of the name.) vallum murosque firmabant. subversa longae pacis opera, haud procul castris in modum municipii extructa, ne hostibus usui forent. (subversa longae pacis opera, haud procul castris in modum municipii extructa, ne hostibus usui forent: abl. abs. with dependent negative purpose clause: ‘the work of long years of peace, erected quite close to the camp in the fashion of a self-governing community, being demolished, lest it be of use to the enemy’; hostibus usui: double dative, dat. of destination (usui) and of advantage or disadvantage (hostibus), also known as dativus commodi aut incommodi.) sed parum provisum ut copiae in castra conveherentur; (provisum ut … conveherentur: complementary final clause after a verb of endeavoring such as provideo; cf. G. 546, N. 1.) rapi permisere: (rapi permisere: supply copias from previous sentence.) ita paucis diebus per licentiam absumpta sunt quae adversus necessitates in longum suffecissent. (per licentiam absumpta sunt quae adversus necessitates in longum suffecissent: ‘through lack of restraint, supplies, which would have provided against want for a long while, were exhausted.’ quae …suffecissent is a rel. clause of characteristic or clause of tendency or result; subjunctive is required in that the sense is consecutive.) Civilis medium agmen cum robore Batavorum obtinens utramque Rheni ripam, quo truculentior visu foret, (quo truculentior visu foret: the relative quo opens a purpose clause like ut: ‘that thereby [the spectacle] might be more formidable to the viewers’; visu: abl. supine, lit. ‘in the viewing’) Germanorum catervis complet, (complet: historical present) adsultante per campos equite; simul naves in adversum amnem agebantur. (naves in adversum amnem agebantur: ‘the ships were being propelled against the current’) hinc veteranarum cohortium signa, inde depromptae silvis lucisque ferarum imagines, ut cuique genti inire proelium mos est, mixta belli civilis externique facie (mixta belli civilis externique facie: ‘ the overall appearance being that of a civil and a foreign war at the same time.’) obstupefecerant obsessos. et spem obpugnantium augebat amplitudo valli, (amplitudo valli: the camp was quite large, almost a kilometer (.6 mile) long and 600 meters (about 1700 ft.) wide.) quod duabus legionibus situm vix quinque milia armatorum Romanorum tuebantur; (quod duabus legionibus situm vix quinque milia armatorum Romanorum tuebantur: ‘considering that barely 5000 armed men defended a facility for two legions.’ Assuming a full complement of one hundred men to a century –rarely the case—two centuries to a maniple, three maniples to a cohort, ten cohorts to a legion, the max. total of men in two legions was: (100 x 2 x 3 x 10) x 2) = 12,000 men. armatorum is partitive genitive after a numeral; quod …tuebantur: quod in a causal clause is normally followed by indicative. sed lixarum multitudo turbata pace (turbata pace: abl. abs., ‘peace having been disrupted’) illuc congregata et bello ministra aderat. (multitudo …bello ministra aderat: ‘a multitude of …was at hand as helpers in the war.’; ministra, fem. adj., applies to multitudo.)