VII.
Sed Marcelli studium proprius rubor excitabat ne aliis electis posthabitus crederetur. (Marcelli studium proprius rubor excitabat ne aliis electis posthabitus crederetur: ‘Marcellus’ own sense of shame motivated his passionate insistence, lest he be seen inferior to others being chosen.’ ne …crederetur: negative purpose clause) paulatimque per altercationem ad continuas et infestas orationes provecti sunt, (ad continuas et infestas orationes provecti sunt: ‘they were carried forward to never ending and aggressive speeches.’) quaerente Helvidio quid ita Marcellus iudicium magistratuum pavesceret: (quaerente Helvidio quid ita Marcellus iudicium magistratuum pavesceret: abl. abs. with dependent indir. question: ‘Helvidius asking why Marcellus was so afraid of the judgment of the magistrates’; quid …pavesceret: question in indir. discourse introduced by quaerente and ending with the chapter.) esse illi pecuniam et eloquentiam, quis multos anteiret, ni memoria flagitiorum urgeretur. (quis multos anteiret, ni memoria flagitiorum urgeretur: quis is for quibus, abl. of instrument: ‘through which he surpassed many, unless he was pursued by the memory of his crimes’; anteiret: subjunctive for rel. clause in indir. discourse; ni …urgeretur: ni (nisi) is usually found with indicative , except in indir. speech.) sorte et urna mores non discerni: suffragia et existimationem senatus reperta ut in cuiusque vitam famamque penetrarent. (sorte et urna mores non discerni: suffragia et existimationem senatus reperta ut in cuiusque vitam famamque penetrarent: sorte et urna is hendiadys and so is suffragia et existimationem: ‘that integrity was not revealed by drawing of lots: the discernment of the Senate through the vote was put in place in order to assess the life and reputation of all citizens.’) pertinere ad utilitatem rei publicae, pertinere ad Vespasiani honorem, occurrere illi quos innocentissimos senatus habeat, qui honestis sermonibus auris imperatoris imbuant. (pertinere ad Vespasiani honorem, occurrere illi quos innocentissimos senatus habeat, qui honestis sermonibus auris imperatoris imbuant: ‘that it was of great importance to the honor [owed to] Vespasian that those should go to him (occurrere) whom the Senate considered most upright and who would fill the emperor’s ears with precepts of virtue’; habeat … imbuant: in place of haberet, imbuerent, as required after a historical verb of saying, are examples of repraesentatio, the recounting of past actions and events in indirect discourse as if the time were that of the speaker, i.e. using tenses that would have been used in that case (present in place of imperfect, perfect in place of pluperfect). Cf. A.G. 585, b. and N., B. 318. Other cases of repraesentatio are oporteat, probet, and reformidet below.) fuisse Vespasiano amicitiam cum Thrasea, Sorano, Sentio; (Thrasea, Sorano, Sentio: Barea Soranus, like Thrasea, was forced to commit suicide under Nero; Sentius may be Sentius Saturninus, consul and participant in Claudius’ invasion of Britain of 41 A.D., where he may have met Vespasian.) quorum accusatores etiam si puniri non oporteat, ostentari non debere. hoc senatus iudicio velut admoneri principem quos probet, quos reformidet. (hoc senatus iudicio velut admoneri principem quos probet, quos reformidet: ‘with this choice of candidates by the senate the emperor was being in a way alerted [as to] whom he might trust and whom he should be wary of.’) nullum maius boni imperii instrumentum quam bonos amicos esse. (nullum maius boni imperii instrumentum quam bonos amicos esse: ‘no instrument of good government was more important than good friends.’) satis Marcello quod Neronem in exitium tot innocentium impulerit: (satis [esse] Marcello quod Neronem in exitium tot innocentium impulerit: ‘it was enough for Marcellus that (quod: ‘the fact that …’) he impelled Nero to the destruction of so many innocenr men.’ quod …impulerit: quod introduces an explanatory clause, usually with indicative, except in indir. discourse, as here (cf. G. 525); the use of perfect subjunctive may reflect Latin preference for this tense when it corresponds to a perf. indicative of direct discourse.) frueretur praemiis et impunitate, Vespasianum melioribus relinqueret. (frueretur praemiis et impunitate, Vespasianum melioribus relinqueret: frueretur … relinqueret: either imperatives or hortatory (iussive) subjunctives in indir. discourse. In dir: discourse: either fruere, relinque or fruaris, relinquas; cf. A.G. 439, 588.)