XXV.
Miscebantur minis promissa; et concussa Transrhenanorum fide inter Batavos quoque sermones orti: non prorogandam ultra ruinam, (non prorogandam ultra ruinam: indirect speech begins after sermones orti [sunt] and ends with the chapter: ‘that their suffering ought not to be protracted any longer’) nec posse ab una natione totius orbis servitium depelli. Quid profectum caede et incendiis legionum nisi ut plures validioresque accirentur? (quid profectum [esse] caede et incendiis legionum nisi ut plures validioresque accirentur?: the first of five conditional sentences, all in indir. speech, within the chapter; the apodosis (infinitive according to rule) is in the form of a rethorical question, the negative protasis (nisi = ‘except’) in the form of a purpose clause: ‘what had been achieved by the destruction of the legions and the burning [of the camp] except to have more and stronger [legions] sent for?’ For the pillage and burning of the camp at Vetera cf. Book 4, ch. 60.) Si Vespasiano bellum navaverint, Vespasianum rerum potiri: sin populum Romanum armis vocent, quotam partem generis humani Batavos esse? (si Vespasiano bellum navaverint, Vespasianum rerum potiri: sin populum Romanum armis vocent, quotam partem generis humani Batavos esse?: the case of two conditional sentences ruling each other out, the first introduced by si and the the other by sin (‘but if’); navaverint in the first protasis an vocent in the second are examples of repraesentatio, being in place of navavissent and vocarent, called for by the sequence of tenses after a hist. verb of saying (sermones orti sunt above); cf. A.G. 585, b. and Note. ) Respicerent Raetos Noricosque (respicerent Raetos Noricosque: respicerent is imperative in indir. speech corresponding to respicite of Oratio Recta or direct speech. Raetia and Noricum are Roman provinces, the first included Tyrol, most of Switzerland and part of Bavaria, the other roughly corresponded to the part of Austria south of the Danube.) et ceterorum onera sociorum: sibi non tributa, sed virtutem et viros indici. (sibi non tributa, sed virtutem et viros indici: ‘that no tribute was imposed on them except brave men’; sibi is dative with the verb indico: it corresponds to nobis of direct speech; virtutem et viros is hendiadys.) Proximum id libertati; et si dominorum electio sit, honestius principes Romanorum quam Germanorum feminas tolerari. (si dominorum electio sit, honestius principes Romanorum quam Germanorum feminas tolerari: the fourth conditional sentence in the chapter, very similar to the scond above in terms of tenses, except for sit, which is in place of foret or esset; by Germanorum feminas disparaging reference is made to Veleda (cf. Book 4, ch, 61.) and other German prophetesses.) Haec vulgus, proceres atrociora: (haec vulgus, proceres atrociora: a verb must be provided, such as dixere.) Civilis rabie semet in arma trusos; illum domesticis malis excidium gentis opposuisse. (Civilis rabie semet in arma trusos; illum domesticis malis excidium gentis opposuisse: ‘that they had been jostled into war by Civilis’ madness. He had evened out his private wrongs by the wreckage of his country.’ domesticis malis: such as Civilis’ imprisonment and the execution of his brother; cf Book 4, Ch. 13. trusos is from trudere; illum is derogatory, ‘that man’.) Tunc infensos Batavis deos, cum obsiderentur legiones, interficerentur legati, bellum uni necessarium, ferale ipsis sumeretur. (infensos Batavis deos, cum obsiderentur legiones, interficerentur legati, bellum uni necessarium, ferale ipsis sumeretur: ‘that the gods became hostile to the Batavi since they besieged the legions, their commanders were killed, and war was resorted to, a war necessary to one man only, [but] disastrous to themselves.’ cum obsiderentur …, interficerentur …, …sumeretur: narrative cum is with imperfect subjunctive for action concurrent with that of the main clause.) Ventum ad extrema, ni resipiscere incipiant et noxii capitis poena paenitentiam fateantur. (ventum [esse] ad extrema, ni resipiscere incipiant et noxii capitis poena paenitentiam fateantur: lit. ‘that it was come to the limit, unless they began to recover their senses and expressed regret by the punishment of the culpable head.’ In this conditional sentence, the fifth in the chapter and, like the rest, in indir. discourse, ni =’unless’ and incipiant and fateantur are repraesentatio for inciperent and faterentur. In all five sentences the verbs of the apodoses are infinitive and those of the protases subjunctive, the tenses being dictated by the rule of sequence or other considerations. ventum is impersonal use of the passive of intransitive verb.)